The mind-body problem is a central issue in philosophy and neuroscience that explores the relationship between the mind and the body. At its core, the mind-body problem seeks to understand how mental states, such as thoughts, perceptions, and emotions, are related to physical processes in the brain and body. One of the key questions is whether the mind and body are separate entities or if they are fundamentally intertwined in some way. This debate has given rise to various philosophical positions, including dualism, which posits that the mind and body are distinct substances, and monism, which argues for the unity of mind and body. Resolving the mind-body problem has profound implications for our understanding of consciousness, free will, and the nature of human existence.