Kidney failure, also known as renal failure, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood effectively. This can result in a buildup of toxins and fluid in the body, leading to various health complications. Chronic kidney failure can develop gradually over time or occur suddenly due to factors such as dehydration, severe infection, or kidney injury. Common causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease, and autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Acute kidney failure can be caused by conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys, damage the kidneys’ filtering units, or obstruct urine flow from the kidneys. Symptoms of kidney failure may include fatigue, weakness, swelling (edema) in the legs, feet, or face, decreased urine output, difficulty breathing, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. Treatment for kidney failure aims to manage symptoms, slow the progression of the disease, and prevent complications. This may involve medications to control blood pressure, manage symptoms such as nausea and swelling, and treat underlying conditions contributing to kidney damage. In advanced cases of kidney failure, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary to replace the lost kidney function and maintain the body’s internal balance of fluids and electrolytes.
Prevention strategies for kidney failure include managing underlying health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to toxins and nephrotoxic medications, and staying hydrated. Early detection and treatment of kidney disease are essential for preserving kidney function and preventing complications associated with kidney failure. By taking proactive steps to maintain kidney health, individuals can reduce their risk of developing kidney failure and improve their overall quality of life.